The roadmap to achieve the 30 % target is based on three distinct pathways that have the potential to deliver a significant reduction in carbon emissions, including:

• Clean power steelmaking, using clean power as the energy source for hydrogen-based steelmaking, and longer term for direct electrolysis steelmaking
• Circular carbon steelmaking, which uses circular carbon energy sources, such as waste biomass, to displace fossil fuels in steelmaking, thereby enabling low-emissions steelmaking
• Fossil fuel carbon capture and storage, where the current method of steel production is maintained but the carbon is then captured and stored or re-used rather than emitted into the atmosphere.

Initiatives and technologies underway or to be implemented at the different sites include:

• Carbalyst – capture waste gases from the blast furnace and biologically convert it into bio-ethanol. The € 120 million launch project at ArcelorMittal Ghent is expected to be completed in 2020.
• IGAR – captures waste CO₂ from the blast furnace and converts it into a synthetic gas that can be reinjected into the blast furnace in place of fossil fuels to reduce iron ore. An industrial pilot of this technology is being developed at ArcelorMittal Dunkirk in France.
• Torero – € 40 million investment to convert waste wood into bio-coal to displace the fossil fuel coal currently injected into the blast furnace. Our first large scale demonstration plant in ArcelorMittal Ghent is expected to be in operation by the end of 2020.
• Reducing iron ore with hydrogen – € 65 million investment at Hamburg site to increase the use of hydrogen for the direct reduction of iron ore.
• Carbon capture and storage – integrating breakthrough technologies to bring down the costs of capturing, purifying and liquifying CO₂ from waste gases. Construction of a carbon capture and storage pilot project, 3D, will begin at ArcelorMittal Dunkirk in 2020 and will be able to capture 0.5 metric t of CO₂ an hour from steelmaking gases by 2021.

_{(Source: ArcelorMittal)}